The development of intelligent building management systems is rapidly progressing thanks to the convergence of digital twins and the Internet of Things (IoT). Buildings are increasingly being equipped with a network of interconnected sensors and devices that gather real-time data on various paramete

LoRaWAN is a long-range wireless technology widely utilized in the Internet of Things (IoT). Sensor networks, built upon LoRaWAN, offer unique capabilities for monitoring and controlling various assets over extensive geographical areas. These deployments leverage low-power wide-area network (LPWAN)

A emerging trend in environmental monitoring involves the deployment of wireless sensor networks to collect crucial data on ecological indicators. LoRaWAN, a long-range, low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology, has emerged as a particularly effective solution for this purpose due to its abili